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Calculate heat transfer by conduction (Fourier), convection (Newton), radiation (Stefan–Boltzmann), overall U-value, and composite wall assemblies. Enter geometry, temperatures, and material properties — get heat rate in W, kW, and BTU/hr with thermal resistance. Metric and imperial units. Free, browser-based.

Calculate linear, area, and volume thermal expansion from temperature change. ΔL = αL₀ΔT, ΔA = 2αA₀ΔT, ΔV = 3αV₀ΔT. Bimaterial gap mode for differential expansion between two materials. Material presets for steel, aluminum, concrete, and copper. Metric and imperial units. Free, browser-based.

Calculate gear ratio, output RPM, and torque multiplier for spur gear trains. Single-stage, compound 2-stage, RPM solver, and tooth-count finder for target ratios. Enter driver and driven tooth counts — get speed reduction and ideal torque gain. Free, browser-based.

Calculate safety factor, margin of safety, and utilization from strength and stress or load and capacity. Modes: SF from stress, SF from load, allowable stress, required strength, and design pass/fail check. Material yield presets. Metric (MPa, kN) and imperial (ksi, lbf). Free, browser-based.

Convert numbers to and from scientific notation, e-notation, and engineering notation. Enter decimals (299792458), e-notation (1.23e-5), or 1.23 × 10^5 format. Get normalized scientific, Unicode superscript, engineering (×10³), and decimal forms. Adjustable significant figures. Free, browser-based.

Count significant figures, round to N sig figs, and add, subtract, multiply, or divide with correct precision rules. Enter decimals, trailing zeros, or scientific notation. Free, instant, browser-based.

Combine and propagate measurement uncertainty with root-sum-of-squares (RSS). Add, subtract, multiply, or divide values with ± uncertainties, convert percent uncertainty, and compute expanded uncertainty U = k·u. Free, instant, browser-based.

Calculate percent error, absolute error, relative error, and percent difference between measured and accepted values. Step-by-step formulas for physics and chemistry lab reports. Free, instant, browser-based.

Prepare analytical standard solutions from solid or stock. Calculate mass to weigh, stock aliquot for dilution (C₁V₁=C₂V₂), and verify actual molarity. Step-by-step lab procedure for volumetric flasks. Free, browser-based.

Plan lab dilutions with pipette volumes, 1:N ratio dilutions, and serial dilution schemes. Get C₁V₁=C₂V₂ stock aliquots, sample and diluent volumes, and step-by-step bench procedures in µL, mL, or L. Free, browser-based.

Convert microliters (µL) to milliliters, liters, nanoliters, cubic centimeters, and more. Instant lab volume conversions with all units shown at once. Free, browser-based.

Calculate sample size for surveys, mean estimates, A/B tests, and two-group comparisons. Set confidence level, power, margin of error, and effect size. Step-by-step formulas. Free, browser-based.