Wetenschappelijke tools

Calculate heat transfer by conduction (Fourier), convection (Newton), radiation (Stefan–Boltzmann), overall U-value, and composite wall assemblies. Enter geometry, temperatures, and material properties — get heat rate in W, kW, and BTU/hr with thermal resistance. Metric and imperial units. Free, browser-based.

Calculate linear, area, and volume thermal expansion from temperature change. ΔL = αL₀ΔT, ΔA = 2αA₀ΔT, ΔV = 3αV₀ΔT. Bimaterial gap mode for differential expansion between two materials. Material presets for steel, aluminum, concrete, and copper. Metric and imperial units. Free, browser-based.

Calculate gear ratio, output RPM, and torque multiplier for spur gear trains. Single-stage, compound 2-stage, RPM solver, and tooth-count finder for target ratios. Enter driver and driven tooth counts — get speed reduction and ideal torque gain. Free, browser-based.

Calculate bolt tightening torque, clamp preload, and nut factor K. Modes: torque from preload (T = KDF), preload from torque, recommended torque from proof load and bolt grade, and nut-factor solver. Metric (mm, kN, N·m) and imperial (in, lbf, lbf·ft) with M6–M24 and Grade 5/8 presets. Free, browser-based.

Calculate safety factor, margin of safety, and utilization from strength and stress or load and capacity. Modes: SF from stress, SF from load, allowable stress, required strength, and design pass/fail check. Material yield presets. Metric (MPa, kN) and imperial (ksi, lbf). Free, browser-based.

Prepare analytical standard solutions from solid or stock. Calculate mass to weigh, stock aliquot for dilution (C₁V₁=C₂V₂), and verify actual molarity. Step-by-step lab procedure for volumetric flasks. Free, browser-based.

Plan lab dilutions with pipette volumes, 1:N ratio dilutions, and serial dilution schemes. Get C₁V₁=C₂V₂ stock aliquots, sample and diluent volumes, and step-by-step bench procedures in µL, mL, or L. Free, browser-based.

Convert microliters (µL) to milliliters, liters, nanoliters, cubic centimeters, and more. Instant lab volume conversions with all units shown at once. Free, browser-based.

Countdown and stopwatch timer for lab work. Presets for 1, 5, 10, 15, 30, and 60 minute incubations. Lap times, audio alert on completion. Free, runs in your browser.

Plan serial dilutions with fold factors, transfer volumes, and concentration at each step. Find how many steps to reach a target, or set up CFU plate-count dilutions. Full table with log₁₀ values and lab procedure. Free, browser-based.

Generate formatted lab notebook entries from your experiment details. Full entries, procedure logs, or formal experiment reports with objective, materials, procedure, observations, results, and conclusions. Copy and paste into your notebook. Free, browser-based.

Randomize experiment run order, assign samples to treatment groups, or shuffle replicate blocks. Fisher–Yates shuffle with optional seed for reproducible lab randomization. Free, browser-based.